控制全球变暖刻不容缓！

较难

高中二年级

说明文

世界与环境

全球气候变暖日益明显，最新研究表明，控制全球变暖势在必行。

Humans must limit global warming to 1.5 ℃ to avoid runaway ice melting, according to new research by an international group of climate scientists.

根据一个国际气候科学家小组的新研究，人类必须将全球变暖限制在1.5 ℃，以避免失控的冰融化。

The new study is the latest and most comprehensive evidence indicating that countries must pass policies to meet the temperature targets set by the 2015 Paris agreement, if humans hope to avoid potentially catastrophic sea level rise and other worldwide harms.

这项新的研究是最新和最全面的证据，表明各国必须通过政策来达到2015年巴黎协定设定的温度目标，如果人类希望避免潜在的灾难性海平面上升和其他全球危害。

Those targets—to limit global warming to between 1.5 and 2 ℃ compared to preindustrial times—are within reach if countries follow through on their current promises to cut greenhouse gas emissions. But it’s still unclear if governments and corporations will cut emissions as quickly as they have promised.

如果各国兑现目前减少温室气体排放的承诺，这些目标 -- 与工业化前时期相比，将全球变暖限制在1.5至2 ℃ 之间 -- 是可以实现的。但目前尚不清楚政府和企业是否会像他们承诺的那样尽快减排。

The new study makes it clear that every tenth of a degree of warming that is avoided will have huge, long-term benefits. For example, the enormous ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are already melting rapidly, adding enormous amounts of fresh water to the ocean and driving global sea level rise. But there is a point after which that melting becomes unavoidable, even if humans rein in(控制) global warming entirely. The new study estimates that, for the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets, that point falls somewhere around 1.5 ℃ of warming. The hotter the Earth gets, the more likely it is to cause runaway ice loss. But keeping average global temperatures from rising less than 1.5 ℃ reduces the risk of such loss.

这项新的研究清楚地表明，每十分之一度的变暖都将有巨大的长期好处。例如，格陵兰岛和南极洲巨大的冰盖已经在迅速融化，向海洋中添加了大量淡水，并推动全球海平面上升。但是有一点是不可避免的，即使人类完全控制了全球变暖。这项新的研究估计，对于格陵兰岛和西南极冰盖来说，这一点在变暖的1.5 ℃ 左右。地球越热，就越有可能导致失控的冰流失。但是保持全球平均气温不超过1.5 ℃ 会降低这种损失的风险。