How are typhoons or hurricanes (depending on geography) named? The practice of naming these storms has a long history. Before the 20th century, they were named by the time they appeared or the place where they landed. For example, the hurricane that destroyed Galveston in 1900, killing 6,000 — 12,000 people, is remembered as the Great Galveston Hurricane.
台风或飓风是如何命名的？命名这些风暴的做法有着悠久的历史。在20世纪之前，它们以出现的时间或登陆的地点被命名。例如，1900年摧毁加尔维斯顿的飓风，造成6000至12000人死亡，被人们记为加尔维斯顿飓风。
The practice of giving storms personal names appears to start from Clement Wragge. He was an Australian meteorologist (气象学家). In 1890s, he named storms after women, story characters, and politicians that he didn’t like. The modern system of using personal names developed during World War II. At that time, people began using women’s names. Short and quickly understood, names were easier to send by the radio and easier to keep straight if there was more than one storm in a given area. In 1953, the system was made formal. And men’s names were added to the list in 1979.
为风暴命名的做法似乎始于克莱门特·拉格。他是一位澳大利亚气象学家。19世纪90年代，他以他不喜欢的女性、故事人物和政客的名字命名风暴。第二次世界大战期间发展起来的现代人名使用制度。当时，人们开始使用女性的名字。简短易懂，（台风/飓风）名字更容易通过无线电发送，如果在一个特定地区有不止一个风暴，也更容易保持准确性。1953年，该体系正式确立。1979年，男性的名字被列入名单。
How are storm names picked today? A special group of the World Meteorological Organization maintains lists of names to be used for storms. The names on the list must be short, special, and have something to do with their cultural and geographic areas. For the Atlantic basin (海盆) there are six lists of 21 names each. If there are more than 21 named storms, Greek letters are used. For the Western Pacific/South China Sea basin, names on the lists are given by countries. The lists recur yearly. But if a hurricane or typhoon is especially destructive (破坏性的), that name will not repeat again, such as Katrina (2005), Sandy (2012), Haiyan (2013), Meranti (2016), Harvey (2017), Irma (2017), and Michael (2018).
如今风暴的名字是怎么取的？世界气象组织的一个特别小组制定了飓风名称列表。名单上的名字必须简短、特殊，并与他们的文化和地理区域有关。大西洋盆地有六个命名列表，每个列表有21个名字。如果命名风暴超过21个，则使用希腊字母。对于西太平洋/南海盆地，名单上的名字由国家给出。这些名单每年都会重复出现。但如果飓风或台风具有特别大的破坏性，这个名字就不会再重复了，比如卡特里娜、桑迪、海燕、梅兰蒂、哈维、伊尔玛和迈克尔。
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