Super typhoon Yagi, the most powerful autumn typhoon to strike the Chinese mainland since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, landed in South China’s Hainan province on Friday. The name Yagi has been used to name five tropical cyclones (气旋) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Japan submitted the name, which is the Japanese word for goat and the Japanese name of the constellation (星座) Capricornus. Hurricane or Typhoon? How tropical cyclones get their names?
超级台风“摩羯”是中华人民共和国成立以来袭击中国大陆的最强秋季台风，周五登陆中国南方海南省。摩羯这个名字被用来命名西北太平洋的五个热带气旋。日本提交了这个名字，这是山羊座的日语单词，也是摩羯座的日语名字。飓风还是台风？热带气旋是如何得名的。
The practice of naming storms has a long history. Before the 20th century, notable tropical cyclones were generally identified by the time when they occurred or the location where they struck. Thus, the hurricane that destroyed Galveston in 1900, killing 6,000 - 12,000 people, is remembered as the Great Galveston Hurricane.
命名风暴的做法有着悠久的历史。在20世纪之前，人们通常根据热带气旋发生的时间或登陆的地点来识别它们。因此，1900年摧毁加尔维斯顿、造成6000-12000人死亡的飓风被人们记为加尔维斯顿飓风。
The practice of giving storms personal names appears to have originated with Clement Wragge, an Australian meteorologist who in the 1890s entertained himself by naming storms after women, mythical figures, and politicians that he didn’t like. The modern system of using personal names developed during World War II, when meteorologists began using women’s names. Short and quickly understood, names were easier to transmit over the radio and easier to keep straight if there was more than one storm in a given area. The system was formalized in 1953. Male names were added to the list in 1979 when women’s groups pointed out the sexism of using only female names.
以人物命名风暴的做法似乎始于19世界90年代，当时澳大利亚气象学家克莱门特·拉格自娱自乐，以他不喜欢的女性、神话人物和政治学家的名字来命名风暴。使用人名的现代命名系统是在第二次世界大战期间发展起来的，当时气象学家开始使用女性的名字。简短且易于理解，如果特定地区有多场风暴，名字更容易通过无线电传输，也更容易保持直线。该体系于1953年正式确立。1979年，当妇女团体指出只使用女性名字带有性别歧视时，男性名字被添加到名单中。
____△____ A special committee of the World Meteorological Organization maintains lists of names to be used for tropical cyclones. The names on the list must be short, distinctive, and relevant to their cultural and geographic areas. For the Atlantic basin there are six alphabetical (字母表的) lists of 21 names each, and the lists cycle yearly. If there are more than 21 named storms, Greek letters are used. For the Western Pacific/South China Sea basin, names on the lists are contributed by countries in the region. But if a hurricane or typhoon is especially destructive, that name is retired from the list.
____△______世界气象组织的一个特别委员会保存了热带气旋的名称清单。名单上的名字必须简短、独特，并与他们的文化和地理区域相关。大西洋盆地有六个按字母顺序排列的命名列表，每个列表有21个名字，名单每年循环一次。如果命名风暴超过21个，则使用希腊字母。西太平洋和南海盆地,命名名单上的名字则由该地区的国 家提供。但如果飓风或台风具有特别大的破坏性，该名称将从名单中删除。
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